America in Debt

A Coolidge Foundation Conference

at the Library of Congress

March 7, 2024

America in Debt began with a keynote address on the eve of the conference. Historian and Wall Street Commentator James Grant spoke on “Printing Press Debt.”

James Grant, Founder, Grant’s Interest Rate Observer

Hon. Phil Gramm, Author, The Myth of American Inequality

Hon. Lloyd Smucker, Congressman, Pennsylvania

Introductions: Historians and policymakers opened the conference with reflections on the state of America’s debt crisis.

Dr. William Beach, Fellow, Coolidge Foundation

Dr. Ryan Reft, Historian, Library of Congress

Hon. Peter Welch, United States Senator

Hon. Virginia Foxx, Congresswoman, North Carolina

Amity Shlaes, Chairman, Coolidge Foundation

America’s Founding to the 1920s: The Hamiltonian Norm Ascendant: From the 1790s onward, the financial authorities of the United States federal government carefully established policies and practices that built trust in the quality and convertibility of government debt.

Moderator: Dr. William Beach, Coolidge Foundation

Hon. French Hill, Congressman, Arkansas

Dr. Michael Caires, Historian

Dr. Robert Bruner, Author, The Panic of 1907

Hon. Christopher Cox, Author, Woodrow Wilson: The Light Withdrawn

The 1960s to the Financial Crisis of 2008: Wrong Turns and Corrections: The commitment to the Hamiltonian Norm survived. Threats to that commitment, however, began to mount as new stresses on the integrity of federal debt emerged.

Moderator: James Freeman, Editorial Board, Wall Street Journal

Christopher DeMuth, Distinguished Fellow in American Thought, Heritage Foundation

James Grant, Founder, Grant’s Interest Rate Observer

Hon. David Stockman, Author, The Great Deformation

Hon. Phil Gramm, Author, The Myth of American Inequality

Featured Address

Stopping the Debt Explosion

A Global Perspective

David Malpass

2008 to the Present: Collapse of the Hamiltonian Norm: Seemingly irresistible pressures from the burgeoning entitlement programs and governmental responses to one economic crisis after another led to one of the gravest peacetime threats to the economy since the country’s Founding.

Moderator: Steve Forbes, Chairman, Forbes Media

Dr. Paul Winfree: President and CEO, Economic Policy Innovation Center

Hon. Eugene Scalia: former United States Secretary of Labor

John Childs: Founder and Chairman, J.W. Childs Associates

Hon. Jeb Hensarling: Congressman 2003-2019, Texas

Three Questions for a Governor

with

Governor James Douglas

and

Matthew Denhart

Looking to the Future: Solutions to America’s Debt Challenge: Given the fall of the Hamiltonian Norm, where do we go from here? Analysts of every political stripe agree that the quality of our debt will determine our future prosperity and economic place in the world.

Moderator: Ambassador Richard Graber, President and CEO, Bradley Foundation

Hon. Paul Ryan: former Speaker of the House of Representatives

Steve Forbes: Chairman, Forbes Media

Romina Boccia: Director of Budget and Entitlement Policy, CATO Institution

Remarks on the Future

with

Senator Joe Manchin